Ukufuna ezinye izindlela zamandla ahlanzekile nezizinzile iholela ekuguqukeni okujulile emkhakheni webhethri. Okuthiwa amabhethri aluhlaza Abagcini nje ngokwenza izinguquko ukuhamba kagesi, kodwa futhi unikeze ikusasa elinobungani bemvelo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, elithengekayo kumthengi wokugcina.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obungcolisa kancane endaweni yokugcina amandla ithole amandla, ngokunaka okukhethekile ekwehliseni ukuncika ezintweni ezibucayi noma eziyindlala kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwemfucuza etholakala ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwamabhethri.
I-Sodium, i-protagonist yesizukulwane esisha samabhethri
Amabhethri e-sodium-ion avela njengenye indlela evumelana nemvelo kumabhethri e-lithium endabuko., ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezinganakwa. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lusebenzisa izinto eziningi nezilula ukuzithola, ezisizayo ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo, njengoba kugwema ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium ne-cobalt, izakhi okukhishwa kwazo kuyabiza futhi, ezimweni eziningi, kuyingozi emvelweni.
Okunye okugqamayo ngalobu buchwepheshe yikhona ukusebenza kangcono ezimweni ezibandayo kanye nokuphepha okukhulu ngokumelene nokushisa ngokweqile. Ukwengezwa kukho konke lokhu kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-aluminium esikhundleni sethusi kuma-electrode, okwandisa ukusimama futhi kwenza izinqubo zokukhiqiza zibe nezindleko ezingaphezulu.
I-China isithathe igxathu eliya phambili ngemoto yokuqala kagesi efakwe amabhethri e-sodium., enikeza uhla lokuncintisana nokusebenza okuzinzile ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Le threndi ayikhawulelwe kumkhakha wezimoto: ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kwalobu buchwepheshe kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezithuthuthu, amabhayisikili kagesi, ngisho namasistimu okugcina amandla asekhaya, ngaleyo ndlela kuvuleke izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu noma ingqalasizinda elinganiselwe.
Izinzuzo nezinselelo zamabhethri aluhlaza ngekusasa lamandla
I-Las amabhethri aluhlaza zimele isinyathelo esibalulekile esibheke ekususweni kwe-carbonisation kwezokuthutha kanye nokukhuthazwa komnotho oyindilinga. Ngokuqasha izinto eziningi ezifana sodium, ingcindezi yezimayini ze-lithium ne-cobalt, imithelela yayo yezenhlalakahle nezemvelo ibe yinkulumo-mpikiswano eminyakeni yamuva, iyancipha. Inzuzo eyengeziwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe- ukusebenza kahle kulawa mabhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, anweba ububanzi bawo bokusetshenziswa futhi awenze athandeke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okunyakaza nokugcina amandla ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Phakathi kwezinselelo okumele kubhekwane nazo ngale ntuthuko, i ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri okuphela kwempilo Ibalulekile. ESpain, ukuqoqwa nokwelashwa kokulahlwa kwebhethri kukhule kakhulu: ngo-2024 kuphela, amathani amabhethri angaphezu kwe-11.000 aphethwe, ngokusho kwedatha evela ezinhlanganweni ezikhethekile. Lo mzamo ufuna lungiselela izinqubo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwanda kokulahlwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Amasistimu okugaya kabusha ayaqhubeka kanye ne Ukuqamba okusha kuzinqubo zokuqaqa nokusebenzisa kabusha wezingxenye, okuvumela umthelela wemvelo woshintsho lwamandla ukuthi uncishiswe nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ibheke ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri aluhlaza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza
Ububanzi bamabhethri aluhlaza awukhawulelwe emkhakheni wezimoto kuphela.Izindleko eziphansi nokuguquguquka kwazo kuzenza zibe inketho ekhangayo ikakhulukazi ezithuthuthu, amabhayisikili kagesi, izimoto ezincane zasemadolobheni, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina zekhaya nezomphakathi ezingashintshi. Lezi zici zisiza ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezindaweni ezingazodwa noma ezinomkhawulo wezinsiza.
Imboni isiqala ukuphendula ngezinhlelo okuhloswe ngazo ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kanye nesibopho yamabhethri nezingxenye ezihambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi agxile ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo Ukugaywa kabusha, ukuzenzekela kokuqaqa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo kanye nokukhathazeka komphakathi mayelana nesiphetho semfucuza yezobuchwepheshe.
Esikhathini esimaphakathi, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungahumusheka ku-a Ukwehliswa kwentengo yokugcina yezimoto namadivayisi kagesi, kanye nokufinyelela okukhulu kumandla ahlanzekile. Ukuhlukahluka kobuchwepheshe bokugcina nemithombo kuyakhuthaza izinhlelo zamandla eziqinile kanye nokuncika kancane emazweni noma ezimakethe ezigxile ekukhiqizeni izinsiza zamasu.
I-Las amabhethri esimeme kakhudlwana futhi akhokhelekayo Baphawula inguquko emkhakheni wokuhamba nowokugcina amandla. Amandla abo okwenza kube lula ukushintshela kumodeli yamandla ancike kancane ezinsizeni eziyivelakancane futhi ehambisana nezinselele zemvelo ayakhula, nakuba izinselele zisekhona mayelana nokugaywa kabusha nokulawulwa kwemfucuza. Ukuqamba okusha kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwemboni, uhulumeni, kanye nomphakathi kuzoba ukhiye ukuze lawa mabhethri adlale indima ehamba phambili esikhathini esizayo samandla nasekuhambeni okuhlanzekile nokufinyeleleka kalula.
