I-Google yethule Ama-Quantum Echoes, i-algorithm eletha i-quantum computing isinyathelo esisodwa eduze kosizo olungokoqobo ngokuhlanganisa ukusebenza okwedlulele kanye nemiphumela eqinisekiswayo. Ukugijima ku-chip willow, le ndlela ishicilelwe kuMvelo futhi ihambisana nomsebenzi owengeziwe ku-arXiv egxile ezinhlelweni zayo zokuqala zokuhlola.
Isiphakamiso asigcini nje ngokuziqhayisa ngesivinini: isibalo esingathathwa yi-supercomputer iminyaka emithathu Ixazululwa maduze nje amahora amabili nge Willow, ukugxuma okulingana ne- about Izikhathi ze-13.000 ukuze kwenziwe ngcono. Okubalulekile, abacwaningi bayagcizelela, ukuthi lezi zimpendulo zingakwazi ziqinisekiswe ngokuzimela, into esemqoka yokusuka elabhorethri uye ezinkingeni zomhlaba wangempela.
Iyini i-Quantum Echoes futhi isebenza kanjani?
I-Quantum Echoes isekelwe ku- izihlanganisi ziphuma ohlelweni lwesikhashana (OTOC), ithuluzi elilandelela ukuthi ulwazi lusakaza futhi lubambene kanjani ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-quantum. Ngokusebenza, i-algorithm ihambisa uhlelo phambili, yethula ukuphazamiseka okuncane, futhi ihlehlisa inguquko yesikhashana ukulalela “i-echo” eshiywa yilolu lwazi.
Leyo echo, efana ne-a sonar eveza imininingwane engaphansi kwamanzi, ivumela ukukalwa okunembayo kwezenzakalo izindlela zakudala ezingakwazi ukuzifeza noma zibiza kakhulu ukubala. Iphrothokholi ye isikhathi sokutshala imali Idala ukuphazamiseka phakathi kohambo lwangaphandle nolubuyayo olukhulisa amasignali acashile asuka ohlelweni.
Isihluthulelo sesimemezelo yi- ukuqinisekiswaImiphumela ingaqhathaniswa namanye ama-quantum processors noma, kwezinye izimo, nezilinganiso zomzimba emvelweni. Lo mbandela usetha ibha esebenzayo edlula imibukiso okunzima ukuyikhiqiza.
Intuthuko ithole ukwesekwa yithimba le-Google Quantum AI nabahlanganyeli bezemfundo, nge UC Berkeley phakathi kwezikhungo ezithintekayo. Abakhulumeli bephrojekthi abafana no-Hartmut Neven no-Tom O'Brien bagcizelela ukuthi inhlanganisela yama-algorithms nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zamanje zenza lolu hlobo lokulinganisa lwenzeke ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi.
Isivinini, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nendima yehadiwe
Ingqopha-mlando ayigcini ngesivinini —13.000 × uma kuqhathaniswa ne-algorithm ye-classical engcono kakhulu-, kodwa ukuthola umphumela ongakwazi ziphindwe futhi zihlolweLokhu okubili (isivinini + sokuqinisekisa) kusekela umbono "wenzuzo ye-quantum esebenzayo."
Ukufeza lokhu, i-hardware ibalulekile. I-Willow incike ku-superconducting qubits nge amanani amaphutha aphansi kakhulu namasango ezikhukhula aphezulu velocity, izimfuneko ezimbili ezibalulekile ukuze ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi kusebenze ngaphandle komsindo owonakalisa isignali ye-echo.
Noma kunjalo, inselele enkulu yobuchwepheshe isalokhu iyi- umsindoUkunciphisa amaphutha nokugcina ukuvumelana kumaphrothokholi amade kubalulekile. Umgomo olandelayo omkhulu kumephu womgwaqo we-Google yi- qubit enengqondo ephile isikhathi eside, isinyathelo ngaphambi kwamakhompyutha anokulungiswa kwamaphutha amakhulu.
Inkampani ilinganisela ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwehadiwe nesoftware, bangabona izicelo zangempela emkhathizwe cishe iminyaka emihlanu, ikakhulukazi ezizindeni lapho ukumodela i-quantum physics kungokwemvelo (ikhemistri, izinto zokwakha noma ukulingisa okuthile).
Izicelo: kusuka ku-NMR kuya kumakhemikhali nezinto zokwakha
Omunye wemibukiso yokuqala uxhumanisa i-Quantum Echoes ne i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana. I-algorithm isebenza "njengerula ye-quantum" ekwazi ukubikezela amabanga nama-engeli phakathi kwama-athomu, ukusunduza ububanzi be-spectroscopy ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yayo evamile.
Ngokubambisana neNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, le ndlela yahlolwa ku ama-molecule amabili (enye inama-athomu angu-15 kanti enye inama-28). Imiphumela ibihambisana ne-NMR evamile futhi ihlinzekiwe imininingwane eyengeziwe okungavamile ukubonwa ngamasu ajwayelekile, okuqinisekisa indlela yokwenza.
Ngaphandle kwama-molecule ngamanye, le nhlanganisela ye-NMR kanye ne-quantum computing ingasheshisa izinkambu ezifana ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa noma ukulingiswa kwe ama-polymer kanye nezingxenye zebhethri. Kukhona futhi amandla okufunda omazibuthe noma okuqinisekile izinqubo zesiphithiphithi efanele ku-fundamental physics.
- I-Chemistry kanye ne-biotechnology: linganisa ukuthi amakhandidethi ezidakamizwa abophezela kanjani kulokho okuhlosiwe.
- Isayensi Yezinto Zokusebenza: hlaziya izakhiwo zamangqamuzana kuma-polymers, ama-catalysts nama-electrolyte.
- I-Advanced Spectroscopy: nwebisa ububanzi bamabanga alinganisekayo ku-NMR ngokuzwela okukhulu.
Ababhali baveza izibonelo ezifana nalezi i-toluene y i-dimethylbiphenyl Ocwaningweni lokuphrinta ngaphambili (arXiv), ngokunemba okuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso ezijwayelekile. Nakuba ukubuyekezwa kontanga kuntuleka, ubufakazi bomqondo buphakamisa indlela "i-quantumscopic"ukubona lokho obekungafinyeleleki ngaphambilini.
Okushiwo umphakathi wesayensi
Ku-Hartmut Neven, umholi we-Google Quantum AI, inani lomsebenzi likabili: imiphumela iyasebenziseka futhi iyaqinisekiswa, kanye nephrothokholi esetshenziswa ezinkingeni zomzimba ezithakaselayo. Okulindelekile ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zokuqala phakathi nesikhathi esiphusile.
U-Tom O'Brien ugcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kuncike emandleni hlola lokho okubalwa yikhompyutha ye-quantum. Ama-OTOC nokuguqulwa kwesikhathi kunikeza indlela eqondile yokubuka ukuthi amakhompyutha e-quantum anjani uyahlakazeka futhi uyalulama ulwazi ezinhlelweni zangempela.
Umcwaningi we-NMR u-Ashok Ajoy uveza ukuthi le ndlela ingakwazi qinisa i-spectroscopy futhi uvule iminyango ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye izidakamizwa, sibonga ikhono lokulinganisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-spins ngisho nasemabangeni aphezulu.
Amanye amazwi emfundo, njengelikaCarlos Sabín, ayabuza ukuqonda: Nakuba inqubekelaphambili iphawuleka, kusamele wenziwe ukukala indlela ngamaphutha aphansi ngisho naphansi. Ukufundwa okujwayelekile ukuthi lesi yisinyathelo isiqalo esiqinile mayelana namacala angokoqobo.
Iphrojekthi ye-Quantum Echoes idonsa inguquko ethokozisayo: ama-algorithms we-quantum angagcini nje kuphela dlula ekubalweni kwakudala ngesikhathi, kodwa akhiqiza idatha kuyaqinisekiswa futhi ewusizo for chemistry kanye materials. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Willow kanye nokufika kwama-qubits anengqondo, "i-echo" esiyizwa namuhla ingaba ithuluzi laselabhorethri lansuku zonke.