I-Google yethule Ama-Quantum Echoes, i-algorithm ye-quantum eshayela ushintsho endleleni yokusebenza: ayigcini nje ngokugijima ngokushesha, futhi iletha imiphumela engaba hlola ngokuzimela. Isebenza ngephrosesa yayo ye-Willow eyi-superconducting futhi yakhelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zefiziksi zomhlaba wangempela, kunokuba ibe umsebenzi nje waselabhorethri.
Inkampani ithi ngomsebenzi othile, i-algorithm ixazulula nxazonke amahora amabili yini engathatha i-reference supercomputer iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, okungukuthi, inzuzo cishe Izikhathi ze-13.000Ingxenye yomsebenzi ivela kuMvelo futhi igcizelela umbono wokuthi ukuqinisekiswa kuyisihluthulelo sekhompuyutha ye-quantum ukuze iqale ukuba nokusetshenziswa okubambekayo.
Iyini i-Quantum Echoes futhi isebenza kanjani?
Empeleni, i-Quantum Echoes isebenzisa uchungechunge lwemisebenzi ye-quantum, yethula ukuphazamiseka okuncane futhi kamuva. iguqula incazelo yesikhathi kusekethe ukuthola ukuthi ukuguqulwa kusakazeka kanjani. Inqubo iphefumulelwe yi- izihlanganisi ziphuma ohlelweni lwesikhashana (OTOC), ithuluzi elikala ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-quantum.
Le ndlela yakha isignali ye ukuphazamiseka phakathi kokuvela phambili nokubuyela emuva, "i-echo" ekhulisa imininingwane ecashile yesistimu. Le echo isivumela ukuthi silandelele ngokuzwela ukuthi ulwazi lubhajwe kanjani phakathi kwama-qubits, into emba eqolo noma okungenakwenzeka ukuyifinyelela ngezindlela zakudala.
Okunye okubalulekile yilokhu ukuqinisekiswa: Imiphumela ayincikile emshinini owodwa noma ekufaniseni okufanelekile, kodwa ingaqhathaniswa namanye amakhompyutha e-quantum noma isevisi yokulingisa i-quantum kanye nezilinganiso ezibonakalayo emvelweni. Lo mbandela wehlisa igebe phakathi kokuboniswa kwezemfundo kanye nethuluzi elingasetshenziswa emhlabeni wangempela.
Abacwaningi bachaza le nqubo njengohlobo lwe-quantum "butterfly effect" elawulwayo: ukuphazamiseka kwendawo, okulandelwa ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi, kushiya isignesha elinganisekayo evezayo. ukuthi ulwazi lusakazwa kanjani ngohlelo. Njengesifaniso, kuzofana nokuthumela isignali nokulalela i-echo yayo ukuze kuhlukanise imininingwane emihle yesakhiwo esifihliwe.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesayensi nokuhlola nge-NMR
Omunye wemiboniso yokuqala ukhomba i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), indlela esebenza "njengesibonakhulu samangqamuzana" esikwazi ukwembula ijometri yangaphakathi yama-molecule. Ngokubambisana neNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, leli qembu lasebenzisa i-Quantum Echoes ukuze lihlaziye ama-molecule wangempela futhi liqinisekise ukuthi le ndlela ingakwazi. buyisa ulwazi lwesakhiwo ukuthi i-MRI evamile ngokuvamile ayihlinzeki kalula.
Kulobu bufakazi besimiso, imiphumela ka-Willow ibihambisana nezindlela zendabuko futhi iphinde yaveza imininingwane eyengeziwe, okuvula umnyango wokwelula ububanzi amabanga angalinganiswa phakathi kwama-athomu esikalini okunzima ukuwafinyelela njengamanje. Ababhali bachaza lokhu kusenesikhathi njengesinyathelo esibheke “ku-quantoscope” ekwaziyo ukubona izinto ebezingafinyeleleki ngaphambilini.
Uma kwenzeka, i-quantum computing-powered NMR ingasheshisa ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ngokucacisa ukuthi ama-molecule anamathela kanjani kulokho okuhlosiwe kwebhayoloji, futhi aphinde asize isayensi yezinto ukuveza ama-polymer, ama-catalyst noma izingxenye zebhethri ezinezinga eliphakeme lemininingwane.
Abahlanganyeli bephrojekthi, njenge Ashok Ajoy, bonisa ukuthi i-algorithm ibonisa amandla amakhompiyutha e-quantum ukuze abonise ukusebenzisana kwe-spin okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi athuthukise i-spectroscopy ku-chemistry kanye ne-biology. Yize ucwaningo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lubonakala njenge-preprint ku-arXiv, abacwaningi bagcina ukuthi idatha isekela lesi siqondiso ku-arXiv. i-global pulse ye-quantum revolution.
Inselele yezobuchwepheshe, imephu yomgwaqo nomongo
I-Quantum Echoes ifika ngemva kweminyaka yenqubekelaphambili ku-hardware nama-algorithms. Ngemuva kwezigigaba ezifana nokuboniswa kwe ubukhulu be-quantum Ngo-2019, i-Google yalungisa inkundla ye-superconducting nge-Willow futhi manje yethula i-algorithm nge inzuzo eqinisekisiwe kanye nobizo olusetshenziswayo. Ingxenye yethimba ihlanganisa izibalo ezifana Hartmut Neven y UMichel Devoret, egcizelela inqubekelaphambili njengesinyathelo esibheke ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.
Nokho, kusenezinselele ezinkulu. I-Quantum Computing ibucayi kakhulu umsindo futhi idinga amazinga amaphutha aphansi kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe izibalo ezinde. Abacwaningi abanjengo UTom O'Brien Baveza ukuthi lawa maphutha asadinga ukuncishiswa kakhulu-ngosizo lwamadivayisi angcono, ama-algorithms, nezingqimba zokuqala zokulungiswa-ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi bezinkinga ezingalungiseka.
Ngezinga elikhulu, isifiso semishini ene ukulungiswa kwephutha, okubandakanya ukuhlela inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-qubits abonakalayo ukuze kwakhiwe ama-qubit anengqondo athembekile. Emgqeni wayo, i-Google ibeka inhloso ebalulekile elandelayo njenge qubit enengqondo ephile isikhathi eside (ingqopha-mlando 3), kubalulekile ukuze uvule amandla aphelele enkundla.
Umphakathi unxusa ukuqapha. Ochwepheshe bangaphandle, njenge UCarlos Sabín, baphawula ukuthi lena imiphumela yokuqala ehilela izimiso zamangqamuzana amancane uma kuqhathaniswa. Amasu okunciphisa amaphutha asebenza kumasekethe amaphakathi angase angalinganisi kahle uma inani lemisebenzi likhuphuka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema okulindelekile okugcwale kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenzeka lubanzi: kusuka ama-molecule kanye nozibuthe eziyinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni ezifana i-quantum teleportation kanye nocwaningo lwe-chaotic dynamics ku-fundamental physics, lapho amathuluzi afana nama-OTOC asetshenziswa ukuhlola izenzakalo okunzima ukuzifanisa nezindlela zakudala.
Ngenhlanganisela engavamile ye isivinini, ukuqinisekiswa kanye nokuqondiswa okungokoqoboI-Quantum Echoes ibeka iWillow endaweni edlula ubufakazi bomqondo. Uma ukuncishiswa kwamaphutha nokuqhubeka kwesikali sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha njengoba kuhleliwe, i-algorithm ingase ingenise isikhathi lapho i-quantum computing iqala ukuletha imiphumela ewusizo kukhemistri nezinto zokwakha, ekugcineni ilethe izinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela eduze.